Hội thoại: Lễ Songkran ở Thái (Conversation: Songkran festival)

명절 = Ngày lễ, tết = national holiday

송끄란 = Songkran

뿌리다 = Rắc, phun, té nước = spray, scatter

(으)ㄴ 적이 있다  = Đã từng

Verb+(으)ㄴ 적이 있다 : This pattern is equivalent to the phrase 'to have ~ before' and can also in the question form can mean 'have you ever ~ ?' It is often combined with the form V + 아/어 보다to ask someone if they've ever tried something. The opposite pattern is V + (으)ㄴ 적이 없다.

-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 (-(eu)n jeok-i itda/eopda) is a way to express a past experience or the fact that you have or have not done something before. Here, 적 (jeok) has the meaning of “time” or “experience.” We express whether you have that past experience or not through 있다 (itda) and 없다 (eopda), which mean “to have” and “to not have.” We often drop the subject marking particle -이 (i) in colloquial situations.

Formation

Verb Stem + -(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다

보다 (boda) “to see”
보 (bo) – verb stem
보 + -(으)ㄴ 적이 있다 = 본 적이 있다 (bon jeok-i itda)
보 + -(으)ㄴ 적이 없다 = 본 적이 없다 (bon jeok-i eopda)
본 적이 있어요 (bon jeok-i isseoyo) “I've seen it before.”
본 적이 없어요 (bon jeok-i eopseoyo) “I've never seen it before.”

Example Sentences

이 영화를 본 적이 없어요.
i yeonghwa-reul bon jeok-i eopseoyo.
“I've never watched this film before.”

수업에 늦은 적이 없어요.
sueop-e neujeun jeok-i eopseoyo.
“I've never been late for a class.”

엄마를 도와준 적이 없어요.
eomma-reul dowajun jeok-i eopseoyo.
“I've never helped my mother.”

거짓말 한 적 없어요.
geojitmal han jeok eopseoyo.
“I've never told a lie.”

저는 작년에 여기 온 적이 있어요.
jeo-neun jaknyeon-e yeogi on jeok-i isseoyo.
“I've been here last year.”

이 책 읽은 적 있어요.
i chaek ilgeun jeok isseoyo.
“I've read this book before.”

Source: 123learnkorean.wordpress.co

Photo credit: Songkran 2015